Crop Systems Dynamics
An Ecophysiological Simulation Model of Genotype-by-Environment Interactions
YIN Xinyou and H.H. van Laar
ISBN 978-1-57808-383-1; 2005; 140 pages, pb; $ 46.00      Buy Now


This book presents a generic process-based crop growth model, GECROS (Genotype-by-Environment Interaction on Crop Growth Simulator), recently developed in Wageningen. The model uses robust yet simple algorithms to summarize the current knowledge of individual physiological processes and their interactions and feedback mechanisms. It was structured from the basics of whole-crop systems dynamics to embody the physiological causes rather than descriptive algorithms of the emergent consequences.

It also attempted to model each process at a consistent level of detail, so that no area is overemphasized and similarly no area is treated in a trivial manner. Main attention has been paid to interactive aspects in crop growth such as photosynthesis-transpiration coupling via stomatal conductance, carbon-nitrogen interaction on leaf area index, functional balance between shoot and root activities, and interplay between source supply and sink demand on reserve formation and remobilization. GECROS combines robust model algorithm, high computational efficiency, and accurate model output with minimum number of input parameters that require periodical destructive sampling to estimate.

Following the Wageningen tradition, GECROS is presented here in an open style, rather than as a 'black-box'. Model theories are described in individual chapters, and their supporting texts (notably model derivations) are given in Appendices. The model source code, written in the simulation language FST (FORTRAN Simulation Translator), and the definition of variables are provided. The book is meant for those who are interested in using models as a tool to address questions related to crop production in the broadcast sense. The model is particularly suitable for understanding and predicting impacts of environmental variables and genotypic characteristics on final yield and protein production as a consequence of interactive ecophysiological processes of crop growth.



Contents

· Introduction
Brief Summary of Existing Models; The Need for Improved Crop Growth Simulation Models; Towards Improved Model Algorithms and Structure; Towards Improved Model Input Parameters; The Crop Growth Simulation Model-GECROS; Reader's Guide

· Photosynthesis and Transpiration
Potential Leaf Photosynthesis; Potential Leaf Transpiration and its Coupling with Potential Photosynthesis; Actual Leaf Transpiration and Photosynthesis if Water Stress Occurs; Spatial Integration; Temporal Integration

· Respiration
Growth Respiration; Respiration for Symbiotic di-nitrogen (N 2 ) Fixation; Respiration for Ammonium-Nitrogen Uptake; Respiration for Nitrate Uptake and Reduction; Respiration for Uptake of Other Ions; Respiration for Phloem Loading; Other, Less Quantifiable Respiration Components

· Nitrogen Assimilation
Nitrogen Demand; Nitrogen Fixation; Nitrogen Uptake

· Assimilate Partitioning and Reserve Dynamics
Partitioning Between Root and Shoot; Within-shoot Carbon Partitioning; Carbon Reserves and their Remobilization; Within-shoot Nitrogen Partitioning

· Crop Morphology, Senescence, and Crop Phenology
Leaf Area Index; Leaf Senescence; Root Senescence; Plant Height; Root Depth; Phenological Development

· Input Requirements and Model Implementation in FST
Initialization and Biophysical Inputs; Model Constants; Crop-specific Parameters; Intra-crop Genotypic-specific Parameters; Crop Carbon and Nitrogen Balance Check; Model Evaluation; Model Application; Model Implementation in FST; Making Your First Run of GECROS

· References
· Appendices
· Index

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